Epidemiological analysis of Dengue in southern Brazil: 2014 to 2024

Abstract

Objective: Dengue is an arboviral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito infected with the Dengue virus (DENV). It is characterized by systemic manifestations and primarily affects tropical countries such as Brazil. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of Dengue notifications in the Southern Region of Brazil from 2014 to 2024, focusing on personal and disease-related factors. Method: an observational and ecological approach was used with data from DATASUS. Information was collected on race, sex, serotype, disease progression, hospitalization, and case origin. Statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, employing ANOVA and Tukey (95% CI). Results: a total of 2,424,852 notifications were observed, with a predominance of white race (73.52%) and female sex (54.1%). Most cases (61.61%) were autochthonous, and 48.77% were confirmed by clinical-epidemiological diagnosis. The majority of serotypes were not reported (97.5%), with DENV 1 accounting for 1.9% of the total. The progression of cases was positive, with 78.26% of patients cured and only 3.2% requiring hospitalization. Only the state of Rio Grande do Sul reported a case of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Most notifications (82.56%) were not specifically classified. Conclusions: among the analyzed cases, the most affected characteristics were female sex and white race. Regarding the diagnosis
of the disease, clinical-epidemiological diagnoses surpassed laboratory diagnoses (48.77%). Autochthonous cases predominated, along with a lack of hospitalization and positive progression toward recovery, while unreported serotypes were prevalent.