Association between enteral nutrition, breastfeeding and neurodevelopment in premature infants at a secondary hospital in the Federal District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51723/hrj.v7i35.1232Keywords:
Premature, Nutritional therapy, Breastfeeding, Child developmentAbstract
Introduction: the first thousand days, a critical phase for growth and neurodevelopment, require adequate nutrition, as deficits during this period increase the risk of adverse outcomes, while breastfeeding and early enteral nutrition are essential for a good prognosis. Objectives: to evaluate the relationship between enteral nutrition in moderately preterm infants and nutritional and neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) outcomes in the first two years of life, focusing on breastfeeding maintenance and weight gain. Methods: observational, analytical, retrospective longitudinal study with 22 moderately preterm newborns admitted to the Neonatal ICU of a secondary hospital (2018-2024). Data were collected on the course of enteral nutrition and breastfeeding, BMI at discharge and at consultation, and NPMD assessment using the Denver II test at 18-24 months. Results: enteral nutrition began on average at 1.27 days, with full nutrition at 10.09 days. At discharge, 95.45% were receiving exclusive breastfeeding; at 18-24 months, 33.33% continued breastfeeding. Weaning age was associated with personal-social development (p = 0.012). A significant increase in BMI was observed between hospital discharge and at 18-24 months (p < 0.001). Conclusions: early enteral nutrition and breastfeeding promote weight gain and neurodevelopment. Maintaining breastfeeding and strengthening bonds positively impact personal and social development, reinforcing the need for early interventions and multidisciplinary monitoring.
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