Metabolic/bariatric surgery for patients with type 2 diabetes, conventional therapy, surgical interventions, techniques used, hormonal and dietary changes after the procedure: an integrative review

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic-bariatric surgery is the most suitable method for glycemic control in diabetic and obese patients, in addition to weight loss and metabolic improvements, the situations that justify the procedure are the reduction of caloric intake and some hormonal changes that directly interfere with the satiety and insulin secretion, this procedure alters glucose metabolism independent of weight loss, conferring beneficial effects on blood glucose for up to 20 years. Objective: The objective of this review is to search the literature for information that proves the effectiveness of metabolic/bariatric surgery for obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, comparing conventional therapy with surgical intervention, surgical techniques used, hormonal and dietary changes after the procedure. Methods: To obtain the literature on metabolic/bariatric surgery and diabetes, BVS, PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ORCID and CINAHL databases were used, regardless of language, with publication date between 2016 and 2021. Results: The search in the Electronic databases resulted in 558 articles. After all the exclusion criteria, 13 articles remained in this integrative review. Conclusion: Metabolic-bariatric surgery brings benefits superior to conventional treatment for obese and diabetic patients, regardless of the surgical technique.